Post by poseidon on Jul 31, 2021 20:35:41 GMT -5
Utahraptor (meaning "Utah's predator") is a genus of large dromaeosaurid dinosaur that lived in North America during the Early Cretaceous period. It was a heavy-built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore. It contains a single species, Utahraptor ostrommaysi, which is the largest-known member of the family Dromaeosauridae. The holotype of Utahraptor, CEU 184v.86 consists of a second pedal ungual, with potentially assigned elements from other specimens: pedal ungual CEU 184v.294, tibia CEU 184v.260 and premaxilla CEU 184v.400. These elements have huge proportions compared to other dromaeosaurids, suggesting an animal about twice the length of Deinonychus or, surpassing it in a 100%. Like other dromaeosaurids, Utahraptor had large curved claws on their second toes. The second pedal ungual is preserved at 22 cm (8.7 in) in length and is estimated to reach 24 cm (9.4 in) restored.
The largest described U. ostrommaysi specimen (BYUVP 15465, referred by Erickson et al. 2009 is estimated to have reached up to 7 m (23 ft) long and somewhat less than 500 kg (1,100 lb) in weight, comparable to a polar bear in weight. In 2012, the paleontologist Thomas R. Holtz Jr. estimated its weight around 230 to 450 kg (500 to 1,000 lb), comparable to a grizzly bear. However, the 2001 Kirkland discovery indicates the species may be far heavier than previously estimated. In 2016 Rubén Molina-Pérez and Asier Larramendi estimated the largest specimen (BYU 15465) at 4.65 m (15.3 ft) long, 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall at the hips and 280 kg (620 lb) in weight; they claim the larger estimates are due to nine specimens of various ages being mixed.
Nanuqsaurus (meaning "polar bear lizard") is a genus of carnivorous tyrannosaurid theropod known from the Late Cretaceous period (early Late Maastrichtian stage) Prince Creek Formation of the North Slope of Alaska, United States. It contains a single species, Nanuqsaurus hoglundi, known only from a partial skull.
Restoration of the head
In its initial description, Nanuqsaurus was estimated to have been about 5–6 meters (16–20 ft) long, about half the length of Tyrannosaurus rex. Its weight has been estimated to be 500–900 kilograms (1100–2000 lbs). This diminutive size was postulated by Fiorillo and Tykoski as being an adaptation to its high-latitude habitat. However, later studies suggested that its supposed small size was unfounded, and that it was likely similar in size to other North American tyrannosaurids such as Albertosaurus.
Nanuqsaurus bears a particularly shaped ridge on its head indicating the carnivore was related to Tyrannosaurus rex. The length of the reconstructed skull, based on the proportions of related animals, is 60–70 cm (24–28 in).
The largest described U. ostrommaysi specimen (BYUVP 15465, referred by Erickson et al. 2009 is estimated to have reached up to 7 m (23 ft) long and somewhat less than 500 kg (1,100 lb) in weight, comparable to a polar bear in weight. In 2012, the paleontologist Thomas R. Holtz Jr. estimated its weight around 230 to 450 kg (500 to 1,000 lb), comparable to a grizzly bear. However, the 2001 Kirkland discovery indicates the species may be far heavier than previously estimated. In 2016 Rubén Molina-Pérez and Asier Larramendi estimated the largest specimen (BYU 15465) at 4.65 m (15.3 ft) long, 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall at the hips and 280 kg (620 lb) in weight; they claim the larger estimates are due to nine specimens of various ages being mixed.
Nanuqsaurus (meaning "polar bear lizard") is a genus of carnivorous tyrannosaurid theropod known from the Late Cretaceous period (early Late Maastrichtian stage) Prince Creek Formation of the North Slope of Alaska, United States. It contains a single species, Nanuqsaurus hoglundi, known only from a partial skull.
Restoration of the head
In its initial description, Nanuqsaurus was estimated to have been about 5–6 meters (16–20 ft) long, about half the length of Tyrannosaurus rex. Its weight has been estimated to be 500–900 kilograms (1100–2000 lbs). This diminutive size was postulated by Fiorillo and Tykoski as being an adaptation to its high-latitude habitat. However, later studies suggested that its supposed small size was unfounded, and that it was likely similar in size to other North American tyrannosaurids such as Albertosaurus.
Nanuqsaurus bears a particularly shaped ridge on its head indicating the carnivore was related to Tyrannosaurus rex. The length of the reconstructed skull, based on the proportions of related animals, is 60–70 cm (24–28 in).